History of photography in Nepal

The historical backdrop of photography and photojournalism in Nepal is around two hundred years and eighty years individually, the teach didn't experience single research yet. Not very many works are accessible in both of the fields. The vast majority of the dialogs show up as daily paper articles and sections or passages in books. The accessible articles and reviews are recorded in the references. There is no single archive which exhibits the historical backdrop of photojournalism and the present situation in an efficient way. This investigation has attempted to presents a record on the development of photojournalism, its present status and additionally profession potential in Nepal. Since photography is the base of these issues go hand to hand while examining photojournalism.

Shrestha (1986) talks about the source of photography in Nepal while exhibiting the historical backdrop of Rana court in Nepal. As per him, Jung Bahadur Rana most likely brought camera without precedent for Nepal from his European visit in 1850. Onta (1998) then again composes 'the accessible proof does not permit straight out friendship that Jang Bahadur saw a camera while in Europe.'

In light of the accessible confirmations J. P Losty (1992) notices, British native Clarence Comyn Taylor was the principal individual to take photo inside Nepal. Taylor took photos amid 1863-65. His photos incorporate the pictures of Janajatis, Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, and Patan durbars, Jung Bahadur and his family photos (p.323). Susan Heide (1997) recommends that Dambar Shumsher, child of Dhir Shumsher and the more youthful sibling of then Prime Minister Bir Shumsher, was the principal Nepali picture taker (p.31). She composes that there is no persuading proof about who showed Damber the specialty of photography and indications that Bourne and Shepherd the likely did. Damber Shumsher's child Samar Shumsher and grandson Balkrishna Sama later proceeded with photography as a family leisure activity. Sama (1997) incorporates a portion of the photos taken by Damber Shumsher and Samar Shumsher in his self-portrayal Mero Kavitako Aaradhana. Under the benefactor of Damber Shumsher and Gahendra Shumsher, Purna Man Chitrakar got a chance to learn photography. Dirgha Man Chitrakar went under the direction of PurnaMan.

Amid 1909 the then General Manager of Gorkhapatra, Bishnu Dhoj Joshi began a Grand Studio which was later moved to New Road is considered as the most seasoned open studio in Nepal. It was prominent around then. Head administrators, serves, and recognized identities all gone by there to have their photograph taken. Summer Shumsher, father of Balkrishna Sama, Pashupati Lal Shrestha, Narayan Prassad and Laxmi Prassad were contemporary of Bishnu Dhoj. From the above exchange, it is apparent that photography calling was begun in Nepal in 1852. However, it was not before 1870; Nepal saw distribution of first news photograph.

Prior to the foundation of printing press in Nepal in 1851 books and papers Janga Bahadur Rana is accepted to have brought the direct press 'Giddhe Press' in Nepal from his Britain visit in 1851 yet there is no exact confirmation. A few years after the fact another press brought was 'Manoranjan Press.' Kuber Ratna Bajracharya and Durukaji Bajracharya made the direct press in Nepal in 1892. Gahendra Shumsher made a press which he gave to Naradev Pandey to help in distributing Gorkhapatra in 1901. In 1912 electric press was presented in Nepal.

Sudhasagar is the primary paper in distributed in Nepal in 1898. The month to month Sudhasagar was distributed in Nepali dialect. Gorkhapatra was set up in 1901 amid the rule of Shree Tin Dev Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana. At first Gorkhapatra was week after week later in Shree Tin Juddha Shumsher's rule it was distributed twice every week. Sharada month to month turned into the third paper distributed from Nepal in 1934.

In spite of the fact that photograph distributing in books had as of now begun in 1892, Gorkhapatra is the main paper to distribute photograph in 26 April 1927 Devkota (1967). Devkota has not specified any names of the picture taker or any depiction of the photo. The picture taker of 26 April photograph is as yet not known. Sarada is the other paper that began distributing photos. Wooden square was utilized to make photograph impact on the new paper. These wooden squares were made by specialists in Nepal. In 1940 machine was conveyed from abroad to make photograph pieces. Half tone photograph square was made to print photographs. In 1962 another propel machine was conveyed to photograph pieces. This was kept in the Singh Durbar under government body division of data. The division used to give all the required photographs to Gorkhapatra.

On 26 April 1927 Gorkhapatra distributed a photograph of a young lady. "Aafna kapaska bagaichama Shree Chandra Kamdhenu charkha dwara dhago kati raheki barsa 12 ki Birgunj basne Surya Mati Shresthani" was a subtitle of the photo. The dark/white photograph was distributed in third page, 3­4 segments under assortment segment "Shree Chandra Kamdhenu Charkha pracharka Kheti bibhag dwara prakashit kapas kehti ko sadharan suchana." Bhim Rana Jigyashu (1999) composes 'Gorkhapatra first distributed the photograph 'charkha dwara dhago katiraheko' in 1927,' There is most likely Gorkhapatra distributed first photograph yet there is perplexity with respect to the primary distributed photograph. Titikshu (2009) asserted a picture of Chandra Shumsher distributed in 1926 in the front page of Gorkhapatra with a title 'Shree Tin Maharajko Janma Utsav' the primary photograph.

Sooner than that Titikshu's asserted photograph of 1926, Gorkhapatra had officially distributed the representations of Chandra Shumsher twice on 7 and 14 July 1925 for his birthday with some content data (MPP document). These photographs were a piece of commercials yet at the same time they were first photographs distributed in Gorkhapatra. Deepak Aryal examines the significance of 26 April photograph for three reasons: Surya Maya's photograph was the main general individuals photograph. Before that Gorkhapatra distributed the photograph of Royals and their exercises. Besides the photo contained inscription alongside data about cotton cultivating. At last the photograph was taken outside the royal residence as well as outside the capital. In any case, Aryal (2010) proposes perceiving the Chandra Shumsher's birthday photograph to be the principal photograph in Nepali photograph news coverage. National Forum of Photojournalist (NFPJ) considers 26 April photograph as the main news photograph in Nepali photojournalism. The Forum likewise commends 26 April as photojournalism day. Min Ratna Bajracharya, President of NFPJ clarified, '13 Baishak photograph as the main news photograph in Nepali photojournalism' (2009, meet).

26 April photograph is the principal news photograph distributed was notable with its four reasons: to start with, it was distributed with story as an unadulterated news photograph. Second, the photograph was not a piece of a promotion. Third, it was the main photograph of an overall population distributed without precedent for first daily paper. What's more, at last the photograph was taken in Birjung. Sooner than that the majority of the photographs were constrained whether in the royal residences or inside the capital. The other fascinating truth is that no record has been found to recognize 26 April picture taker. Titikshu (2009) clues somebody among the Muslims of Resham Kothi may have taken the photo of Surya Maya. While there is continuous open deliberation about the principal news photograph in Nepali photojournalism, there is additionally incredible verbal confrontation on the primary photojournalist of Nepal. The greater part of photojournalists site Gopal Chitrakar as first photojournalist with character and arrangement letter from Gorkhapatra. Aryal (2010) presents Balkrishna Sama and Madan Mani Dixit as photojournalism professional before Gopal Chitrakar with confirm.

Rana (1998) states in his article, Gorkhapatra contracted Deepak Dhakal of Motion Picture Corporation as a picture taker before Gopal Chitrakar joined as a staff. Gorkhapatra formally utilized Gopal Chitrakar and Bindu Raj Singh Suwal as first press picture takers. Sarad (2004) likewise state Gopal Chitrakar and Bindu Raj Singh Suwal are the pioneer photojournalists in Nepal. They were selected as press picture taker in 1973 by Gorkhapatra. Gopal Chitrakar (2010, meet) said Binduraj Subal was worked inside dim room and occupied with making obstruct for distributing photograph in Gorkhapatra.

In the level headed discussion of first photojournalist no journalists look for the verifiable data from concerned division for accreditation. NFPJ has perceived Gopal Chitrakar as the main photojournalist trusting Chitrakar. 'With doubtlessly Gopal Dai is the main photojournalist of Nepal' NFPJ Secretary Deependra Bajracharya said (2009, meet). 'There were other people who acted as a photojournalist before me yet I was authoritatively selected in Gorkhapatra 1973′ Chitrakar told (2010, meet). Nepali photograph columnists recall 1973 as the start of another calling. It was the principal day when photojournalist was perceived. It took years to begin photojournalism as a calling yet the credit of distributing first news photo and additionally beginning of new calling go to Gorkhapatra. There are less investigations made in photojournalism, scholastic examinations are uncommon. A portion of the examinations are reflected in the articles. There is no single research directed with deliberate way enrolled in Martin Chautari, Tribhuvan Univeristy Center Library, KathmanduUniversity and additionally Pokhara and PurvanchalUniversity. Just the book 'Changing appearances of Nepal-the Glory of Asia's past' distributed in Nepal by Ratna Pustak Bhandar in 1997 for the UNESCO Division of Cultural Heritage and Himal Asia mirrors the recorded convention of photography. Here are some article and elements records in which scholars, photojournalists and writers talked about improvement, profession, conceivable outcomes and state.

Photojournalism concerning scholastic examination a few colleges begun to educated with correspondence and news coverage. Tribhuvan University began Journalism and Mass Communication considers since 1921 by means of Department of Journalism and Mass Communication, Ratna Rajya Laxmi Campus. Photojournalism